Extractables & Leachables

Pine Lake Laboratories is the scientific leader in extractables and leachables (E&L) studies. We have extensive experience with a wide variety of pharmaceutical container closures systems, single use system components, and combination devices.

Our extraction studies are designed following the original PQRI guidance's and have evolved to include USP <1663> and <1664>. We can perform a material risk assessment at the beginning of the study to assure proper extraction study design and full compliance with the latest regulations.

Our experienced scientific staff utilizes the following analytical methods for expert identification of extractables observed in a forced extraction study:

- Headspace GC-MS for identification of volatile organic extractables
- GC-MS for identification of semi-volatile organic extractables
- LC-QToF for identification of non-volatile organic extractables
- ICP-MS for identification of inorganic extractables

Our team has experience developing and validating leachables methods based upon the observed extractables in a wide variety of dosage forms:

- Orally inhaled and nasal drug products (OINDPs)
- Parenterals (small and large volume)
- Prefilled syringes
- Ophthalmic
- Topical
- Transdermal
- Implantable medical devices
- Combination medical devices

A toxicological risk evaluation for E&L results can be performed by our staff toxicologists.